O. Ray Whittington, PhD, CPA, CMA, CIA is the Ledger Quill Director of the School of Accountancy at DePaul University and vice chair of the Auditing Standards Board of the AICPA. His previous positions were the Director of the School of Accountancy at San Diego State University and the Director of Auditing Research for the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). Patrick R. Delaney, PhD, CPA, was the Arthur Andersen LLP Alumni Professor of Accountancy and Department Chair at Northern Illinois University